Family Firms and Environmental Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review

This article critically reviews and meta-analyzes the environmental performance of family firms. Using a sample 40,910 firms covering 12-year period, we conclude that average effect involvement on is negative, albeit small. negative more pronounced in primary studies measure via operational practices adopted those define business using ownership management criteria. Our findings suggest from an agency perspective, compared with nonfamily firms, view prevails over positive view.